초록
<P>Immobilized cell reactor (ICR) has been used widely for bioethanol production. It has been shown to improve the performance of fermentation efficiency. The immobilization of S.cerevisiae was simply performed by enriched cells cultured media harvested at exponential growth phase. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was found to be a suitable candidate as a solid support of surface adsorption by S.cerevisiae. The strong affinity binding of phosphate backbone of S.cerevisiae and calcium ion in HAp had been proven the effectiveness of HAp as immobiliser, thus the yield from the fermentation process has been increased. However, specific characteristics for HAp-yeast complex such as size, porosity (pore size and pore volume), surface morphology and total surface area are the important factors that were needed to control in order to avoid the detachment of the microorganisms from solid support. The characterizations performed were Mastersizer for complex size determination, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for surface morphology and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller analysis (BET) for specific surface area determination.</P>