BioChem - DOS

SERCA2 regulates proinsulin processing and processing enzyme maturation in pancreatic beta cells

Diabetologia

Iida, Hitoshi; Kono, Tatsuyoshi; Lee, Chih-Chun; Krishnan, Preethi; Arvin, Matthew C.; Weaver, Staci A.; Jarvela, Timothy S.; Branco, Renato C. S.; McLaughlin, Madeline R.; Bone, Robert N.; Tong, Xin; Arvan, Peter; Lindberg, Iris; Evans-Molina, Carmella

<P><B>Aims/hypothesis</B></P><P>Increased circulating levels of incompletely processed insulin (i.e. proinsulin) are observed clinically in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have suggested that Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> signalling within beta cells regulates insulin processing and secretion; however, the mechanisms that link impaired Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> signalling with defective insulin maturation remain incompletely understood.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We generated mice with beta cell-specific sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> ATPase-2 (SERCA2) deletion (&beta;S2KO mice) and used an INS-1 cell line model of SERCA2 deficiency. Whole-body metabolic phenotyping, Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> imaging, RNA-seq and protein processing assays were used to determine how loss of SERCA2 impacts beta cell function. To test key findings in human model systems, cadaveric islets were treated with diabetogenic stressors and prohormone convertase expression patterns were characterised.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>&beta;S2KO mice exhibited age-dependent glucose intolerance and increased plasma and pancreatic levels of proinsulin, while endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> levels and glucose-stimulated Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> synchronicity were reduced in &beta;S2KO islets. Islets isolated from &beta;S2KO mice and SERCA2-deficient INS-1 cells showed decreased expression of the active forms of the proinsulin processing enzymes PC1/3 and PC2. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining revealed mis-location and abnormal accumulation of proinsulin and proPC2 in the intermediate region between the ER and the Golgi (i.e. the ERGIC) and in the cis-Golgi in beta cells of &beta;S2KO mice. Treatment of islets from human donors without diabetes with high glucose and palmitate concentrations led to reduced expression of the active forms of the proinsulin processing enzymes, thus phenocopying the findings observed in &beta;S2KO islets and SERCA2-deficient INS-1 cells. Similar findings were observed in wild-type mouse islets treated with brefeldin A, a compound that perturbs ER-to-Golgi trafficking.</P><P><B>Conclusions/interpretation</B></P><P>Taken together, these data highlight an important link between ER Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> homeostasis and proinsulin processing in beta cells. Our findings suggest a model whereby chronic ER Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> depletion due to SERCA2 deficiency impairs the spatial regulation of prohormone trafficking, processing and maturation within the secretory pathway.</P><P><B>Data availability</B></P><P>RNA-seq data have been deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; accession no.: GSE207498).</P><P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P><P/><P><B>Supplementary Information</B></P><P>The online version contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00125-023-05979-4.</P>

2023

Springer Berlin Heidelberg

0012-186x

1432-0428

66

11

pp.2042-2061

10.1007/s00125-023-05979-4

http://click.ndsl.kr/servlet/OpenAPIDetailView?keyValue=05787966&target=NART&cn=NART126440311

Beta cell biology; Calcium imaging; Calcium signalling; Endoplasmic reticulum; Insulin secretion; Insulin synthesis; Proinsulin processing; Protein trafficking