초록
Hydrothermal-treated (autoclaved) winery waste was degraded by Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium citrinum. Quantification of lignins, reducing sugars, pentoses and enzyme assays for cellulase, β-glucosidase and xylanase were performed. Lignin content increased from 36% in untreated waste to 63% in autoclaved substrate. Lignin degradation of 9% and 4.2% was achieved by P. chrysogenum and A. niger, respectively. Reducing sugars decreased by 1.2 and 0.7kg/m<SUP>3</SUP> in T. harzianum and P. citrinum cultures, respectively. Pentose utilization was also considerable across all cultures. Cellulase and xylanase activities were higher in A. niger cultures at 45U and 335U, respectively. It also showed high β-glucosidase activity of 155U, marginally less than P. citrinum (180U). Autoclaving hydrolyzed hemicelluloses and crystalline cellulose, converting the latter to a more degradable amorphous form. The results suggest that successive hydrothermal and fungal treatments produce greater lignocellulose degradation than regular fermentation.