<P><B>Background</B></P><P>2,3-Butanediol (BD) is considered as one of the key platform chemicals used in a variety of industrial applications. It is crucial to find an efficient sugar-utilizing strain and feasible carbon source for the economical production of BD.</P><P><B>Methodology/Principal Findings</B></P><P>Efficient BD production by a newly isolated <I>Enterobacter cloacae</I> subsp. <I>dissolvens</I> SDM was studied using crop-biomass cassava powder as substrate. The culture conditions and fermentation medium for BD production were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, 78.3 g l<SUP>−1</SUP> of BD was produced after 24 h in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), with a yield of 0.42 g BD g<SUP>−1</SUP> cassava powder and a specific productivity of 3.3 g l<SUP>−1</SUP> h<SUP>−1</SUP>. A higher BD concentration (93.9 g l<SUP>−1</SUP>) was produced after 47 h in fed-batch SSF.</P><P><B>Conclusions/Significance</B></P><P>The results suggest that strain SDM is a good candidate for the BD production, and cassava powder could be used as an alternative substrate for the efficient production of BD.</P>