초록
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The efficient extraction of enzymes from the fermented matter of solid-state fermentation is a key consideration in producing enzymes in a cost effective way. In this research low frequency ultrasound at different amplitudes was used to intensify the single stage and multiple (three-stage) extractions of ligninolytic and hydrolytic enzymes from a cultivated solid produced with <I>Aspergillus oryzae</I> NRRL 3485, using flax fiber as a support and actual lignocellulosic substrate. Kinetics of buffer extraction at pH 5 and 50 °C was followed within a period of 60 min by measuring the enzyme activities. Results proved that sonication has an enormous effect on the enzyme extraction. The maximum enzyme activities obtained in a conventional single stage extraction could be increased with sonication by 111.4%, 167.9% and 93.8% for filter paper, polygalacturonase and lignin peroxidase activities, respectively. Results also revealed that sonication (at 40, 60 and 80% amplitudes, for 60 min) did not result in a reduction in the filter paper and polygalacturonase activities of the crude enzyme solution, but slightly decreased the lignin peroxidase activity by about 20% at the highest amplitude. Three-stage extraction with sonication at 60% amplitude provided about 2.1–2.7 times higher enzyme yield.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Lignocellulose degrading enzymes were produced on flax by solid-state fermentation. </LI> <LI> Ultrasound-assisted extraction of enzymes from the solid substrate was investigated. </LI> <LI> Efficiency of the single stage and multiple extractions was compared. </LI> <LI> Low frequency ultrasound has an enormous effect on the enzyme recovery. </LI> <LI> The three-stage extraction with sonication resulted in the highest enzyme yield. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>