초록
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Despite the suitability of organic waste for dark fermentation (DF), anaerobic digestion (AD) counteracts its large-scale use for biohydrogen production. Therefore, 12 types of organic waste obtained from sugar, textile, food, and milk industries are investigated in batch single-stage AD and compared energetically to batch two-stage DF with subsequent AD. From the viewpoint of DF, a parametric study of mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, different substrate concentrations, and mixed cultures, i.e., granular and digested sludge, is conducted. Hydrogen yields of 90–160 L<SUB>N</SUB>/kg<SUB>oDM</SUB> (mean) and maximum yields of 199–291 L<SUB>N</SUB>/kg<SUB>oDM</SUB> are achieved with starchy and sugary wastes. Concentrations of volatile fatty acids of 9.7–14.5 g/L (mean) show the possible material uses. Thermophilic conditions are more suitable than mesophilic ones. Furthermore granular sludge is applicable for DF. The energetic comparison of the procedures demonstrates a method for assessing the applicability of waste and allows preliminary economic estimations.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Six types of organic waste are either more or equally suitable for DF. </LI> <LI> Thermophilic conditions produce higher hydrogen yields than mesophilic conditions. </LI> <LI> Maximum VFA concentrations of 9.5–26.0 g/L are achieved with all organic residues. </LI> <LI> H<SUB>2</SUB> yields of 90–160 L<SUB>N</SUB>/kg<SUB>oDM</SUB> (mean) are obtained with starchy and sugary wastes. </LI> <LI> Maximum H<SUB>2</SUB> yields of 199–291 L<SUB>N</SUB>/kg<SUB>oDM</SUB> are obtained with starchy and sugary wastes. </LI> </UL> </P>