초록
<P><B>Background</B></P><P><I>Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous</I> is a basidiomycetous yeast that synthesizes astaxanthin, which is a carotenoid with a great biotechnological impact. The ergosterol and carotenoid synthesis pathways are derived from the mevalonate pathway, and in both pathways, cytochrome P450 enzymes are involved.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>In this study, we isolated and described the <I>X. dendrorhous CYP61</I> gene, which encodes a cytochrome P450 involved in ergosterol biosynthesis. This gene is composed of nine exons and encodes a 526 amino acid polypeptide that shares significant percentages of identity and similitude with the C22-sterol desaturase, CYP61, from other fungi. Mutants derived from different parental strains were obtained by disrupting the <I>CYP61</I> gene with an antibiotic selection marker. These mutants were not able to produce ergosterol and accumulated ergosta-5,8,22-trien-3-ol and ergosta-5,8-dien-3-ol. Interestingly, all of the mutants had a more intense red color phenotype than their respective parental strains. The carotenoid composition was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by RP-HPLC, revealing that the carotenoid content was higher in the mutant strains without major changes in their composition. The expression of the <I>HMGR</I> gene, which encodes an enzyme involved in the mevalonate pathway (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase), was analyzed by RT-qPCR showing that its transcript levels are higher in the <I>CYP61</I> mutants.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>These results suggest that in <I>X. dendrorhous</I>, ergosterol regulates <I>HMGR</I> gene expression by a negative feedback mechanism and in this way; it contributes in the regulation of the carotenoid biosynthesis.</P>