<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Hydrogen production by photofermentation of tequila vinasses (VT) was studied using <I>Rhodopseudomonas pseudopalustris</I> DSM 123. <I>To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on hydrogen production by photofermentation on VT.</I> Hydrogen production was doubled on VT (260 m$props_value{literPattern}/L) as compared to a synthetic medium. Storing VT changed its chemical composition; however, in photofermentations of a sixty-day old stock, growth and hydrogen production were similar to fresh VT. The periodic displacement of hydrogen with nitrogen resulted in a three-fold increase in both hydrogen and growth of <I>R. pseudopalustris</I> (860 mL H<SUB>2</SUB>/L and 4.5 g/L respectively) as compared to non-displaced headspace. Hydrogen almost doubled at a light intensity of 270 W/m<SUP>2</SUP> (2249 mL H<SUB>2</SUB>) as compared to 68 W/m<SUP>2</SUP>. In dark-light cycles, biomass and hydrogen production were highest with continuous illumination. The potential of VT to produce hydrogen in high amounts using <I>R. pseudopalustris</I> has been demonstrated.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>R. pseudopalustris</I> grows and produces H<SUB>2</SUB> from tequila vinasses. </LI> <LI> H<SUB>2</SUB> production was doubled in tequila vinasses as compared to a synthetic medium. </LI> <LI> The storage of vinasses changes the composition of organic acids. </LI> <LI> Displacing periodically H<SUB>2</SUB> and CO<SUB>2</SUB> with N<SUB>2</SUB> tripled H<SUB>2</SUB> production to 37.4 mmoL/L. </LI> <LI> Continuous illumination increases H<SUB>2</SUB> production as compared to light-dark cycles. </LI> </UL> </P>