초록
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Fumaric acid (FA) was produced from <I>Eucalyptus globulus</I> wood by successive steps of hydrothermal processing (to solubilize hemicelluloses and to increase the susceptibility of solids to enzymatic hydrolysis), enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation with <I>Rhizopus arrhizus</I> DSM 5772. For comparative purposes, additional fermentations were carried out using synthetic media. Single stage fermentation of synthetic media led to a medium containing 11.8 g FA L<SUP>−1</SUP> (<I>Y</I><SUB><I>P</I>/<I>S</I></SUB> = 0.60 g g<SUP>−1</SUP>). Operating in fed batch mode, the fourth stage increased the FA concentration from 19.7 up to 43.6 g L<SUP>−1</SUP> (<I>Y</I><SUB><I>P</I>/<I>S</I></SUB> = 0.71 g g<SUP>−1</SUP>). Hydrolyzate fermentation in a single stage resulted in lower fumaric acid concentration (9.65 g L<SUP>−1</SUP>) and yield (0.35 g g<SUP>−1</SUP>). Additional fermentations were carried out in media made with hydrolyzates subjected to membrane processing, adsorption or ion exchange. The highest yield (<I>Y</I><SUB><I>P</I>/<I>S</I></SUB> = 0.44 g g<SUP>−1</SUP>) was reached in media made up of ion‐exchange treated hydrolyzates and a commercial glucose solution in proportion 85/15 w/w. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry</P>