초록
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Lignocellulosic materials like food and yard wastes are difficult to hydrolyse and this results in decreased bio-hydrogen yields. As such, this study investigated the potential of microwave (MW) and ultrasound (UtS) irradiations for pre-treating food and yard wastes prior to dark fermentation. The specific energy was varied from 0 to 6946 kJ/kg total solids for each pre-treatment and the results obtained showed that both pre-treatments generally enhanced solids and organic matter solubilisation, with the effects more significant at high pre-treatment conditions. However, none of the pre-treatment conditions improved bio-hydrogen production. The main reasons identified for the low H<SUB>2</SUB> yields were the possible formation of inhibitors due to pre-treatments while the higher concentrations of propionic acid and ethanol among the end-product metabolites could also have suppressed bio-hydrogen production. Consequently, neither MW nor UtS irradiation is feasible as pre-treatment of food and yard wastes for enhanced bio-hydrogen production under the range of specific energies studied.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Both pre-treatments enhanced solubilisation at high specific energies. </LI> <LI> Sonication was more effective at solubilisation than microwave irradiation. </LI> <LI> None of the pre-treatments promoted bio-hydrogen production. </LI> <LI> Pre-treatments caused a change in metabolic pathways for H<SUB>2</SUB> production. </LI> <LI> High concentration of soluble metabolites may have inhibited H<SUB>2</SUB> production. </LI> </UL> </P>