초록
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, effects of various strains from different genera - <I>Aspergillus</I>, <I>Penicillium</I>, <I>Rhizopus</I>, <I>Mucor</I> and <I>Trichoderma</I> - and of their multi-cultural fungal consortium on bio-pretreatment of wheat bran were investigated. The highest soluble carbohydrate content (198.8 mg/g) was released by <I>P. chrysogenum</I> F.00814 strain after 3–5 days of pretreatment. The combination of <I>A. niger</I> F.00632 and <I>T. viride</I> F.00795 strain resulted in 191.9 mg/g soluble carbohydrate that increased to 195.82 g/L by the consortium of <I>A. niger</I> NCAIM F.00632, <I>P. chrysogenum</I> NCAIM F.00814 and <I>T. viride</I> NCAIM F.00795 strains after three days. Optimal ratio of liquid to solid, pH and temperature as well as inoculum ratio were determined to be 5:1, pH 5.0, 30 °C and 65:25:15% in total 10<SUP>7</SUP> conidia (of <I>A. niger</I>, <I>P. chrysogenum</I> and <I>T. viride</I>) per gram dry substrate, respectively. The application of fungal multi-cultures resulted in about 58.8 g soluble carbohydrate from 100 g substrate after 3 days of bio-treatment meaning our concept should work. The ethanol fermentation of bio-pretreated wheat bran was carried out using <I>S. cerevisiae</I> Levuline Fb and <I>K. marxianus</I> NCAIM Y.00959 and <I>Z. mobilis</I> subsp. <I>mobilis</I> B.01327<SUP>T</SUP> strains in both modes’ mono- and multi-culture. 7.6% v/v was the maximum ethanol content obtained after 7 days of fermentation with mash containing 20% (w/v) initial reducing sugar when initiation with mixed cultures (<I>S. cerevisiae</I> and <I>K. marxianus</I>) and after two days the <I>Z. mobilis</I> subsp. <I>mobilis</I> B.01327<SUP>T</SUP> strain was added. These results were very promising to develop technology to produce lignocellulosic bioethanol.</P>