초록
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Isobutanol is an important biorefinery target alcohol that can be used as a fuel, fuel additive, or commodity chemical. Baker’s yeast, <I>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</I>, is a promising organism for the industrial manufacture of isobutanol because of its tolerance for low pH and resistance to autolysis. It has been reported that gene deletion of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which is directly involved in pyruvate metabolism, improved isobutanol production by <I>S. cerevisiae</I>. However, the engineering strategies available for <I>S. cerevisiae</I> are immature compared to those available for bacterial hosts such as <I>Escherichia coli</I>, and several pathways in addition to pyruvate metabolism compete with isobutanol production.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The isobutyrate, pantothenate or isoleucine biosynthetic pathways were deleted to reduce the outflow of carbon competing with isobutanol biosynthesis in <I>S. cerevisiae</I>. The judicious elimination of these competing pathways increased isobutanol production. <I>ILV1</I> encodes threonine ammonia-lyase, the enzyme that converts threonine to 2-ketobutanoate, a precursor for isoleucine biosynthesis. <I>S. cerevisiae</I> mutants in which <I>ILV1</I> had been deleted displayed 3.5-fold increased isobutanol productivity. The Δ<I>ILV1</I> strategy was further combined with two previously established engineering strategies (activation of two steps of the Ehrlich pathway and the transhydrogenase-like shunt), providing 11-fold higher isobutanol productivity as compared to the parent strain. The titer and yield of this engineered strain was 224 ± 5 mg/L and 12.04 ± 0.23 mg/g glucose, respectively.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>The deletion of competitive pathways to reduce the outflow of carbon, including <I>ILV1</I> deletion, is an important strategy for increasing isobutanol production by <I>S. cerevisiae</I>.</P>