초록
Objective: Four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from common vetch, tall fescue and perennial ryegrass on the Tibetan Plateau were characterized, and their effects on the fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage were studied. Methods: The four isolated strains and one commercial inoculant (G, Lactobacillus plantarum MTD-1) were evaluated using the acid production ability test, morphological observation, Gram staining, physiological, biochemical and acid tolerance tests. The five LAB strains were added to Italian ryegrass for ensiling at three different temperatures (<TEX>$10^{\circ}C$</TEX>, <TEX>$15^{\circ}C$</TEX>, and <TEX>$25^{\circ}C$</TEX>). Results: All isolated strains (LCG3, LTG7, I5, and LI3) could grow at <TEX>$5^{\circ}C$</TEX> to <TEX>$20^{\circ}C$</TEX>, pH 3.0 to 8.0 and NaCl (3.0%, 6.5%). Strains LCG3, LTG7, I5, and LI3 were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, and Lactobacillus casei by sequencing 16S rDNA, respectively. All LAB inoculants significantly (p<0.05) increased lactic acid (LA) contents and ratios of lactic acid to acetic acid, and reduced pH and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (AN/TN) compared with uninoculated silages at various temperatures (<TEX>$10^{\circ}C$</TEX>, <TEX>$15^{\circ}C$</TEX>, and <TEX>$25^{\circ}C$</TEX>). Compared to the commercial inoculant G, I5, and LI3 showed similar effects on improving the silage quality of Italian ryegrass at <TEX>$10^{\circ}C$</TEX> and <TEX>$15^{\circ}C$</TEX>, indicated by similar pH, LA content and AN/TN. Conclusion: All inoculants could improve the silage fermentation quality at various temperatures (<TEX>$10^{\circ}C$</TEX>, <TEX>$15^{\circ}C$</TEX>, and <TEX>$25^{\circ}C$</TEX>). At the temperature of <TEX>$10^{\circ}C$</TEX> and <TEX>$15^{\circ}C$</TEX>, strain I5 and LI3 had similar effects with the commercial inoculant G on improving the silage quality of Italian ryegrass.