초록
<P>The synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) by β-galactosidase immobilized in both polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) lenses and sol-gel carriers was studied and compared with the performance of the free enzyme. PVA-immobilized β-galactosidase retained 95?% of the initial activity after seven repeated uses and retained 51?% of the initial activity after 3?months of storage, while sol-gel-immobilized β-galactosidase only retained 39?% of the initial activity under storage. Lactose conversion takes place at a higher rate in the PVA-immobilized β-galactosidase, while the lowest rate of lactose conversion was noticed with immobilized β-galactosidase in sol-gel. Continuous production of GOS from either lactose or whey, with PVA-immobilized β-galactosidase, was performed in a packed-bed reactor. A maximum GOS production of 30?% of total sugars was attained for a 40-% lactose feed solution with a feed rate of 10.8?ml/h, at pH 4.5 and 40?C, corresponding to a productivity of 117?g/l?h. The maximum GOS productivity of 344?g/l?h was obtained at a flow rate of 28.7?ml/h. 3-OS and 4-OS were the major types of GOS formed. Conversion of whey in continuous mode resulted in GOS production of 15?% of total sugars and formation of 45?% 3-OS, 40?% 4-OS, and 15?% 5-OS.</P>