초록
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study aimed to establish a mathematical modeling to evaluate the inhibitory effect of phenolic derivatives on acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation by <I>Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum</I> N1-4. Vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and syringaldehyde were selected to represent guaiacyl, hydroxyphenyl, and syringyl phenols, respectively, to be examined in a series of fed-batch experiments. Results show the presence of phenolic derivatives blocked the pathway of the assimilation of organic acids and reduced cell growth and glucose utilization. The inhibition model projected that the levels of 0.13, 0.14, and 0.04 g L<SUP>−1</SUP> for vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and syringaldehyde, respectively, resulted in 25% inhibition of butanol production, whereas 100% inhibition was predicted at the levels of 4.94, 4.37, and 4.20 g L<SUP>−1</SUP> for vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and syringaldehyde, respectively. Syringaldehyde was more toxic than the other two compounds. The established model described that the phenolic compounds derived from different phenyl propane monomers of lignin severely obstructed biobutanol production.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Phenolic derivatives from lignin hindered the growth of solventogenic clostridia. </LI> <LI> The pathway of the uptake of organic acids was blocked during ABE fermentation. </LI> <LI> A mathematic model was established to evaluate the magnitude of inhibition. </LI> <LI> Biobutanol production was profoundly impeded at a low level of phenolic compounds. </LI> <LI> The toxicity was in the order of syringaldehyde > 4-hydroxybenzoic acid > vanillin. </LI> </UL> </P>