초록
This study was conducted to identify the optimum pH range and the appropriate buffer for butyric acid production from rice straw by fermentation using an undefined mixed culture. A series of experiments conducted at pH levels of 5.0 ~ 7.0 showed that neutral pH improved rice straw conversion and consequently carboxylic acid production. The highest butyric acid production (up to 6.7 g/L) was achieved at pH of 6.0 ~ 6.5, while it was only 1.7 g/L without pH control or at pH 5.0. Another series of experiments conducted at pH 6.0 ~ 6.5 buffered with <TEX>$CaCO_3$</TEX>, <TEX>$NaHCO_3$</TEX>, <TEX>$NH_4HCO_3$</TEX> and their combinations indicated that different buffers had different effects onthe product spectrum, and that <TEX>$CaCO_3$</TEX> combined with <TEX>$NaHCO_3$</TEX> was an effective buffer for butyric acid production. The highest total volatile fatty acids (about 12.6 g/L) production and one of the two highest butyric acid concentrations (about 7.6 g/L) were obtained by buffering with <TEX>$CaCO_3$</TEX> combined with <TEX>$NaHCO_3$</TEX>. PCR-DGGE analysis revealed that different pH and buffers also influenced the microbial population distribution. Bacteria were suppressed at low pH, while the bacterial community structures at higher pH varied slightly. Overall, this study presents an alternative method for butyric acid production from lignocellulosic biomass without supplementary cellulolytic enzyme.