<P>Co-culture of <I>Bacillus coagulans</I> and <I>Candida utilis</I> was firstly investigated in the efficient treatment of <I>Lactobacillus</I> fermentation wastewater (LFW) containing total organic carbon (TOC) of 22.0 g/L and total nitrogen (TN) of 2.4 g/L. The utilization of lactic acid by <I>C. utilis</I> was responsible for the relief of feedback inhibition to promote the growth of <I>B. coagulans.</I> The removal ratio of TOC by <I>B. coagulans</I> and <I>C. utilis</I> was only 9.1% and 22.7%, respectively, which was improved to 49.0% by co-culture. The removal ratio of TN by <I>B. coagulans</I> and <I>C. utilis</I> was merely 6.3% and 12.5%, respectively, which was also promoted to 44.6% by co-culture. Both the high growth of <I>B. coagulans</I> and the efficient removal of TOC and TN from LFW was achieved with the co-culture, which is not previously reported and very important in the production of probiotics with the resource utilization of LFW.</P>